/**
* Name: Hydrological Model
* Author: Patrick Taillandier
* Description: A model showing how to represent a flooding system with dykes and buildings. It uses
* a grid to discretize space, and has a 3D display. The water can flow from one cell to another considering
* the height of the cells, and the water pressure. It is also possible to delete dyke by clicking on one of them
* in the display.
* Tags: shapefile, gis, grid, 3d, gui, hydrology
*/
model hydro
global {
//Shapefile for the river
file river_shapefile <- file("../includes/RedRiver.shp");
//Shapefile for the dykes
file dykes_shapefile <- file("../includes/Dykes.shp");
//Shapefile for the buildings
file buildings_shapefile <- file("../includes/Building.shp");
//Data elevation file
file dem_file <- file("../includes/mnt50.asc");
//Diffusion rate
float diffusion_rate <- 0.6;
//Height of the dykes
float dyke_height <- 15.0;
//Width of the dyke
float dyke_width <- 15.0;
//Shape of the environment using the dem file
geometry shape <- envelope(dem_file);
//List of the drain and river cells
list drain_cells;
list river_cells;
float step <- 1°h;
init {
//Initialization of the cells
do init_cells;
//Initialization of the water cells
do init_water;
//Initialization of the river cells
river_cells <- cell where (each.is_river);
//Initialization of the drain cells
drain_cells <- cell where (each.is_drain);
//Initialization of the obstacles (buildings and dykes)
do init_obstacles;
//Set the height of each cell
ask cell {
obstacle_height <- compute_highest_obstacle();
do update_color;
}
}
//Action to initialize the altitude value of the cell according to the dem file
action init_cells {
ask cell {
altitude <- grid_value;
neighbour_cells <- (self neighbors_at 1) ;
}
}
//action to initialize the water cells according to the river shape file and the drain
action init_water {
geometry river <- geometry(river_shapefile);
ask cell overlapping river {
water_height <- 10.0;
is_river <- true;
is_drain <- grid_y = matrix(cell).rows - 1;
}
}
//initialization of the obstacles (the buildings and the dykes)
action init_obstacles{
create buildings from: buildings_shapefile {
do update_cells;
}
create dyke from: dykes_shapefile;
ask dyke {
shape <- shape + dyke_width;
do update_cells;
}
}
//Reflex to add water among the water cells
reflex adding_input_water {
float water_input <- rnd(100)/100;
ask river_cells {
water_height <- water_height + water_input;
}
}
//Reflex to flow the water according to the altitute and the obstacle
reflex flowing {
ask (cell sort_by ((each.altitude + each.water_height + each.obstacle_height))) {
already <- false;
do flow;
}
}
//Reflex to update the color of the cell
reflex update_cell_color {
ask cell {
do update_color;
}
}
//Reflex for the drain cells to drain water
reflex draining {
ask drain_cells {
water_height <- 0.0;
}
}
}
//Species which represent the obstacle
species obstacle {
//height of the obstacle
float height min: 0.0;
//Color of the obstacle
rgb color;
//Pressure of the water
float water_pressure update: compute_water_pressure();
//List of cells concerned
list cells_concerned ;
//List of cells in the neighbourhood
list cells_neighbours;
//Action to compute the water pressure
float compute_water_pressure {
//If the obstacle doesn't have height, then there will be no pressure
if (height = 0.0) {
return 0.0;
} else {
//The leve of the water is equals to the maximul level of water in the neighbours cells
float water_level <- cells_neighbours max_of (each.water_height);
//Return the water pressure as the minimal value between 1 and the water level divided by the height
return min([1.0,water_level / height]);
}
}
//Action to update the cells
action update_cells {
//All the cells concerned by the obstacle are the ones overlapping the obstacle
cells_concerned <- (cell overlapping self);
ask cells_concerned {
//Add the obstacles to the obstacles of the cell
add myself to: obstacles;
water_height <- 0.0;
}
//Cells neighbours are all the neighbours cells of the cells concerned
cells_neighbours <- cells_concerned + cells_concerned accumulate (each.neighbour_cells);
//The height is now computed
do compute_height();
if (height > 0.0) {
//We compute the water pressure again
water_pressure <- compute_water_pressure();
} else {water_pressure <- 0.0;}
}
action compute_height;
aspect geometry {
int val <- int( 255 * water_pressure);
color <- rgb(val,255-val,0);
draw shape color: color depth: height*5 border: color;
}
}
//Species buildings which is derivated from obstacle
species buildings parent: obstacle schedules: [] {
//The building has a height randomly chosed between 2 and 10
float height <- 2.0 + rnd(8);
}
//Species dyke which is derivated from obstacle
species dyke parent: obstacle {
int counter_wp <- 0;
int breaking_threshold <- 24;
//Action to represent the break of the dyke
action break{
ask cells_concerned {
do update_after_destruction(myself);
}
do die;
}
//Action to compute the height of the dyke as the dyke_height without the mean height of the cells it overlaps
action compute_height
{
height <- dyke_height - mean(cells_concerned collect (each.altitude));
}
//Reflex to break the dynamic of the water
reflex breaking_dynamic {
if (water_pressure = 1.0) {
counter_wp <- counter_wp + 1;
if (counter_wp > breaking_threshold) {
do break;
}
} else {
counter_wp <- 0;
}
}
//user command which allows the possibility to destroy the dyke for the user
user_command "Destroy dyke" action: break;
}
//Grid cell to discretize space, initialized using the dem file
grid cell file: dem_file neighbors: 8 frequency: 0 use_regular_agents: false use_individual_shapes: false use_neighbors_cache: false schedules: [] {
//Altitude of the cell
float altitude;
//Height of the water in the cell
float water_height <- 0.0 min: 0.0;
//Height of the cell
float height;
//List of the neighbour cells
list neighbour_cells ;
//Boolean to know if it is a drain cell
bool is_drain <- false;
//Boolean to know if it is a river cell
bool is_river <- false;
//List of all the obstacles overlapping the cell
list obstacles;
//Height of the obstacles
float obstacle_height <- 0.0;
bool already <- false;
//Action to compute the highest obstacle among the obstacles
float compute_highest_obstacle {
if (empty(obstacles))
{
return 0.0;
} else {
return obstacles max_of(each.height);
}
}
//Action to flow the water
action flow {
//if the height of the water is higher than 0 then, it can flow among the neighbour cells
if (water_height > 0) {
//We get all the cells already done
list neighbour_cells_al <- neighbour_cells where (each.already);
//If there are cells already done then we continue
if (!empty(neighbour_cells_al)) {
//We compute the height of the neighbours cells according to their altitude, water_height and obstacle_height
ask neighbour_cells_al {height <- altitude + water_height + obstacle_height;}
//The height of the cell is equals to its altitude and water height
height <- altitude + water_height;
//The water of the cells will flow to the neighbour cells which have a height less than the height of the actual cell
list| flow_cells <- (neighbour_cells_al where (height > each.height)) ;
//If there are cells, we compute the water flowing
if (!empty(flow_cells)) {
loop flow_cell over: shuffle(flow_cells) sort_by (each.height){
float water_flowing <- max([0.0, min([(height - flow_cell.height), water_height * diffusion_rate])]);
water_height <- water_height - water_flowing;
flow_cell.water_height <-flow_cell.water_height + water_flowing;
height <- altitude + water_height;
}
}
}
}
already <- true;
}
//Update the color of the cell
action update_color {
int val_water <- 0;
val_water <- max([0, min([255, int(255 * (1 - (water_height / 12.0)))])]) ;
color <- rgb([val_water, val_water, 255]);
grid_value <- water_height + altitude;
}
//action to compute the destruction of the obstacle
action update_after_destruction(obstacle the_obstacle){
remove the_obstacle from: obstacles;
obstacle_height <- compute_highest_obstacle();
}
}
experiment Run type: gui {
parameter "Shapefile for the river" var:river_shapefile category:"Water data";
parameter "Shapefile for the dykes" var:dykes_shapefile category:"Obstacles";
parameter "Shapefile for the buildings" var:buildings_shapefile category:"Obstacles";
parameter "Height of the dykes" var:dyke_height category:"Obstacles";
parameter "Diffusion rate" var:diffusion_rate category:"Water dynamic";
output {
//layout vertical([0::5000,1::5000]) tabs:false editors: false;
display map type: opengl {
grid cell triangulation: true;
species buildings aspect: geometry refresh: false;
species dyke aspect: geometry ;
}
display chart_display refresh: every(24#cycles) {
chart "Pressure on Dykes" type: series {
data "Mean pressure on dykes " value: mean(dyke collect (each.water_pressure)) style: line color: #magenta ;
data "Rate of dykes with max pressure" value: (dyke count (each.water_pressure = 1.0))/ length(dyke) style: line color: #red ;
data "Rate of dykes with high pressure" value: (dyke count (each.water_pressure > 0.5))/ length(dyke) style: line color: #orange ;
data "Rate of dykes with low pressure" value: (dyke count (each.water_pressure < 0.25))/ length(dyke) style: line color: #green ;
}
}
}
}
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